Definition:
Colorectal cancer originates in the colon or rectum, often beginning as benign polyps that may turn malignant over time.
Causes:
Age (50+ years).
Genetic predisposition (e.g., Lynch syndrome).
Diet high in red and processed meats.
Sedentary lifestyle and obesity.
Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn’s or ulcerative colitis.
Symptoms:
Changes in bowel habits (diarrhea or constipation).
Blood in stool or rectal bleeding.
Abdominal pain or cramping.
Fatigue and weakness.
Unexplained weight loss.
Diagnosing:
Colonoscopy for direct visualization and biopsy.
Imaging tests: CT colonography and MRI.
Stool tests for occult blood.
Genetic testing for hereditary conditions.
Treatment:
Surgery: Minimally invasive procedures for tumor removal.
Radiation Therapy: Pre-operative or post-operative as needed.
Chemotherapy: For advanced stages or metastasis.
Targeted Therapy: Drugs like bevacizumab for specific molecular targets.
Prevention Tips:
Routine screening starting at age 45.
Maintain a high-fiber, low-fat diet.
Regular physical activity.
Limit alcohol and avoid smoking.
Conclusion:
Colorectal cancer is highly treatable with early detection. Adopting a healthy lifestyle and adhering to screening guidelines can significantly reduce risk.