Definition:
Breast cancer develops from the cells of the breast, commonly in the ducts or lobules. It is the most diagnosed cancer in women globally.
Causes:
Hormonal factors, including estrogen exposure.
Genetic mutations (e.g., BRCA1 and BRCA2).
Family history of breast or ovarian cancer.
Obesity and sedentary lifestyle.
Alcohol consumption.
Symptoms:
Lump or thickening in the breast or underarm.
Changes in breast shape or size.
Skin dimpling or nipple retraction.
Nipple discharge, sometimes blood-stained.
Persistent breast pain or redness.
Diagnosing:
Mammograms and breast ultrasound.
MRI for detailed imaging.
Biopsies: Fine needle, core needle, or surgical.
Genetic testing for high-risk individuals.
Treatment:
Surgery: Options include lumpectomy and mastectomy.
Radiation Therapy: Targeted to the affected area.
Systemic Therapies:
Hormonal therapy for receptor-positive cancers.
Chemotherapy for aggressive cases.
Targeted drugs like trastuzumab for HER2-positive cancers.
Prevention Tips:
Regular self-examinations and clinical check-ups.
Maintain a healthy weight and active lifestyle.
Limit alcohol and avoid smoking.
Breastfeeding offers protective effects.
Conclusion:
Advancements in breast cancer detection and treatment have improved survival rates. Awareness and early intervention remain crucial.